Head & Neck Cancer Surgery

Head and neck cancers refer to a group of cancers that develop in the mouth, throat, voice box, salivary glands, nose, sinuses and thyroid gland. These cancers can affect vital functions such as speaking, swallowing, breathing and facial appearance. With early diagnosis and expert surgical management, most head and neck cancers can be treated successfully.

What is Head & Neck Cancer Surgery?

Head and neck cancer surgery involves the removal of cancerous tumors from affected areas while preserving as much normal tissue as possible. The main goal is to completely remove the cancer, prevent its spread and restore normal function through reconstructive procedures.

Depending on the stage and location of the tumor, surgery may be performed alone or in combination with radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

Common Types of Head & Neck Cancers

The most common cancers treated through head and neck surgery include:

• Oral cancer (tongue, cheek, lips, gums)

• Throat cancer (pharynx and larynx)

• Thyroid cancer

• Salivary gland tumors

• Nasal and sinus tumors

• Jaw and facial bone tumors

Each type requires a specialized surgical approach tailored to the patient’s condition.

Symptoms That Should Not Be Ignored

Early symptoms are often painless and ignored. Some warning signs include:

• Non-healing mouth ulcers

• Persistent sore throat

• Difficulty in swallowing

• Change in voice

• Lump in neck

• Unexplained weight loss

• Facial swelling or numbness

Any symptom lasting more than two weeks should be evaluated by a specialist.

How is Surgery Planned?

Before surgery, a detailed evaluation is done using:

• Clinical examination

• Imaging tests (CT, MRI, PET scan)

• Biopsy for confirmation

• Cancer staging

Based on this, a personalized treatment plan is created.

Reconstructive Surgery After Tumor Removal

Modern head and neck surgery focuses not only on removing cancer but also on restoring quality of life. Reconstructive surgery may involve:

• Microvascular free flap surgery

• Skin and muscle grafts

• Bone reconstruction

• Dental rehabilitation

These techniques help patients regain speech, swallowing and facial appearance.

Benefits of Early Surgical Treatment

When treated early, surgery offers:

• Higher survival rates

• Less extensive surgery

• Better cosmetic results

• Faster recovery

• Lower chances of recurrence

This is why early diagnosis is the most critical factor.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Recovery depends on the type of surgery and reconstruction performed. Most patients require:

• Speech therapy

• Swallowing rehabilitation

• Nutritional support

• Regular follow-ups

With proper care, most patients return to a normal active life.

Why Choose a Specialized Head & Neck Surgeon?

Head and neck cancers are complex and require a surgeon with:

• Dedicated oncology training

• Microvascular expertise

• Multidisciplinary team access

• Experience with advanced cases

Specialized care directly impacts long-term outcomes.

Final Thoughts

Head and neck cancer surgery is not just about removing tumors — it is about restoring dignity, function and quality of life. With modern surgical techniques and personalized care, patients today have better outcomes than ever before.

If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms or has been diagnosed with head and neck cancer, early consultation with a specialist can make a life-changing difference.