Mouth Cancer Surgery: Everything You Need to Know
Mouth cancer, also known as oral cancer, is one of the most common cancers in India. It usually affects the lips, tongue, inner cheeks, gums, floor of the mouth and palate. When detected early, mouth cancer is highly treatable through surgical intervention.
What is Mouth Cancer Surgery?
Mouth cancer surgery involves the removal of cancerous tissue from the oral cavity along with a margin of healthy tissue to ensure complete elimination of cancer cells. In advanced cases, nearby lymph nodes in the neck may also be removed.
The goal of surgery is to cure cancer while preserving essential functions like speech, chewing and swallowing.
Common Causes of Mouth Cancer
Some major risk factors include:
Tobacco use (smoking, chewing, gutkha, pan masala)
Alcohol consumption
Poor oral hygiene
Chronic mouth irritation
HPV infection
Sun exposure (lip cancer)
Avoiding tobacco is the single most effective preventive measure.
Early Symptoms of Mouth Cancer
Many patients ignore early signs. Common symptoms include:
Non-healing mouth ulcers
White or red patches inside mouth
Pain while chewing
Difficulty in speaking
Bleeding from mouth
Lump in neck
Loose teeth without dental cause
Early diagnosis significantly improves survival.
Types of Mouth Cancer Surgery
Depending on the stage, surgery may include:
1. Local Excision
Removal of small tumors limited to one area.
2. Partial Glossectomy
Removal of part of the tongue.
3. Mandibulectomy / Maxillectomy
Removal of part of jawbone or upper jaw.
4. Neck Dissection
Removal of lymph nodes in the neck to prevent spread.
5. Reconstructive Surgery
Rebuilding removed tissues using skin, muscle or bone grafts.
Reconstructive Surgery After Mouth Cancer
Modern surgery focuses on restoring both function and appearance using:
Microvascular free flap surgery
Tissue grafts from leg, arm or chest
Dental implants
Speech rehabilitation techniques
These methods allow patients to speak and eat normally again.
Recovery After Surgery
Recovery depends on surgery type but usually includes:
Hospital stay: 5–10 days
Temporary feeding tube (in some cases)
Speech and swallowing therapy
Pain management
Regular follow-up visits
Most patients gradually return to normal activities.
Success Rate of Mouth Cancer Surgery
If detected early:
Cure rate: 80–90%
In advanced stages:Combined therapy (surgery + radiation + chemo) improves outcomes.
When Should You Consult a Specialist?
Immediately consult a cancer surgeon if you have:
Mouth ulcer > 2 weeks
Any unexplained oral lump
Persistent pain or bleeding
Early action saves lives.
Final Words
Mouth cancer surgery today is highly advanced and safe. With timely treatment, patients not only survive but regain full quality of life. The key lies in early diagnosis, expert surgical care and proper rehabilitation.
If you notice any suspicious symptoms, do not delay — consult a specialist and get evaluated.