Head & Neck Plastic Surgery (Microvascular Surgery): Restoring Form and Function
Head and neck plastic surgery focuses on the reconstruction of complex defects caused by cancer, trauma, infections or congenital conditions. Microvascular surgery is an advanced technique that allows surgeons to rebuild tissues using a patient’s own skin, muscle and bone, restoring both function and appearance.
What is Microvascular Surgery?
Microvascular surgery involves transferring tissue from one part of the body to another using tiny blood vessels that are reconnected under a microscope. This ensures proper blood flow to the reconstructed area and promotes natural healing.
These procedures are commonly performed after head and neck cancer removal to restore:
Speech
Swallowing
Breathing
Facial appearance
When is Head & Neck Plastic Surgery Needed?
Microvascular reconstruction is required in cases such as:
Oral cancer surgery
Jaw and facial bone defects
Tongue and throat reconstruction
Post-trauma facial injuries
Congenital facial deformities
Failed previous reconstructions
Common Microvascular Procedures
1. Free Flap Reconstruction
Transfer of tissue from leg, arm or chest to rebuild the face or mouth.
2. Fibula Flap
Used for jaw reconstruction with bone and skin.
3. Radial Forearm Flap
Thin tissue for tongue and cheek reconstruction.
4. Anterolateral Thigh Flap
Large tissue volume for complex defects.
Benefits of Microvascular Surgery
Natural appearance
Better functional recovery
Long-term durability
Lower complication rates
Improved quality of life
Recovery and Rehabilitation
Recovery depends on complexity but usually includes:
ICU monitoring for first 48 hours
Hospital stay: 7–14 days
Speech and swallowing therapy
Regular follow-up visits
Most patients regain near-normal daily function.
Risks and Complications
Although highly advanced, risks may include:
Flap failure (rare)
Infection
Blood clotting
Temporary numbness
With experienced surgical teams, success rates exceed 95%.
Why Choose Microvascular Reconstruction?
Compared to traditional methods, microvascular surgery offers:
Superior cosmetic results
Better tissue survival
Faster functional restoration
Reduced need for repeated surgeries
Final Thoughts
Head and neck plastic surgery with microvascular techniques has transformed modern reconstructive care. It allows patients not just to survive cancer or trauma, but to live confidently with restored facial form and essential functions.